FORTALEZA (CAPITAL CITY OF CEARÁ – NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL). A NEW FRIENDLY URBAN TREND: THE BENEFITS BY WELCOMING BICYCLES AND ALL Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) IN URBAN SPACES.
FORTALEZA: UMA NOVA TENDENCIA AMISTOSA URBANA: OS BENEFÍCIOS DO ACOLHER BICICLETAS E PEDESTRES E TODOS OS USUÁRIOS VUNERÁVEIS DAS VIAS PÚBLICAS (VRU)
SOURCE / LINK(SEE MAPS): http://www.fortaleza.ce.gov.br/plano-diretor-cicloviario-integrado-de-fortaleza-mapas
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==//==
Portland State University
Department Of Architecture
ARCH 101 -
Intro to Environmental Design
Professor
Sergio Palleroni
BICYCLE AS
MODE OF TRANSPORTATION
Alfredo
Miranda
Luciana
Borges
Mariana
Medeiros
Winter 2015
As we can
see, our lifestyle and daily choices are determinant factors on personal carbon
footprint which, consequently, is responsible for an expressive percentage on
the whole carbon emissions on environment. Although, in many cases, individuals
are not directly responsible for other big carbon emissions from industrial
activities or agriculture, for example, these activities are deeply related to
our lifestyle and our daily choices because their main purpose is to attend
human demands. Currently, these sectors require a huge expenditure of natural
resources and have an impactful role on environmental pollution. Then, even if
we are not aware about our participation and how important it is, we are
significant part of the process and, necessarily, our decisions influence the
whole process of energy spent, pollution, and natural resources use. The
biggest challenge issue about changing the course of human development toward
to a more sustainable world is the change in our attitude and behavior toward
these issues present in our quotidian.
Considering
that the biggest percentage of world’s population living in urban areas today,
it is impossible to talk about people’ routine without to consider urban
dynamics in cities. In the article “The Conundrum of Urban Sustainability” Rees
and Wackernagel (1996) say that, at the same time, cities and urbanization
process are part of the environmental problems and the solution for
sustainability. This means that various factors inherent to urban centers make
them potential sustainable places because a lot of current studies suggest that
cities are more sustainable places than rural areas, for example. This
potential is related to the high density and the capacity to concentrate
infrastructure in short distances. Therefore, the key to achieve a sustainable
stage is deeply related not just to our behavior changings, but also to how our
cities are being developed.
Regarding to
human behavior changes and cities development, we can consider that there are
several ways and categories through which it is possible to concentrate our
efforts as individuals aiming to reduce our carbon emissions on the environment
as a whole. One of most important ways to reduce our carbon emissions is
decreasing the car culture, which is responsible for release a big amount of
carbon in atmosphere while is being assembled and while is being used in its
shelf life.
Even if we
consider that many people living in rural areas decide to live in cities is not
enough because now they are facing the same issues and one more: big traffics.
Thus, many cities around the world are using other solutions, which is replace
cars by bicycles and other alternative modes of transportation. Our video will
focus mainly on the bicycle as mode of transportation because this method has a
lot of benefits, such as reducing emissions of carbon dioxide, increasing
people health and avoiding big traffics. Bicycles are smaller and have less
parts than cars, making their assembly process cheaper, sustainable and cleaner
than the car's assembly process. They increase people's health, forcing people
to use their own energy to ride around. Furthermore, bicycles are smaller and
lighter than cars, so they might avoid traffics and are very easy to store in
almost any place. Therefore, bicycle and their benefits will be explained more
deeply in our video.
References:
Speck, J. (2012). Walkable city: How downtown can save America, one step at a
time. New York:
Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Arantes,
Felipe. (2013). A Bicicleta na Contribuição da Mobilidade Sustentavel: Analise do
Perfil do Ciclista e seu Deslocamento no Sistema Cicloviario de Santos, SP.
Baskind, Chris. (2010). 12 Reasons to Start Using a Bicycle
for Transportation. Retrieved from:
http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/transportation/stories/12-
reasons-to-start-using-a-bicycle-for-transportation
Associação Brasileira de Ciclistas. (2011). A Bicicleta e a
Mobilidade Urbana.
==//==
Cavalcante,
Antonio Paulo de Hollanda.
A Arquitetura da Cidade e os Transportes: O Caso dos
Congestionamentos em Fortaleza, Ceará.
Antonio Paulo
de Hollanda Cavalcante. – Brasília: PPG/FAU/UnB,
2009. ~347p.:
118 il.
Tese
(Doutorado) – Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo,
Universidade
de Brasília, 2009.
Orientador:
Frederico Rosa Borges de Holanda
Bibliografia:
p. 309 - 320.
1.
Planejamento Urbano. 2. Urbanismo. 3. Congestionamentos.
4. Sintaxe
Espacial. 5.Planejamento de Transportes. I.
Holanda,
Frederico de, orient. II. Título.
CDU.
ABSTRACT
This doctoral research proposes a systemic
methodology of street vehicular congestion
analysis, pictured by some traffic jammed
areas and its problems of land use
accessibility and urban car mobility in
Fortaleza city, capital of Ceará State, Brazil. The
approach offers a composed computational
modeling in Geographic Information
System environment by joining both ‘Urban
Transportation Modeling Systems’ (UTMS)
trip assignment using ‘Stochastic User
Equilibrium’ (SUE) and Space Syntax Angular
Segment Analysis (SS-ASA). The main objective
is to contribute to jammed areas main
identification ‘actors’ in Fortaleza
city which would be explained by grid discontinuity
links due to city´s urban plans evolution.
Besides that, it reveals the contribution of land
use main attractors which would
emphasize a congested Critical Area (CA). The
research is a kind of interface between transportation
and urbanism methodological
and theoretical approaches and suggests
analytic categories related to two scales. The
first one, related to functional grid local
and global accessibility and the second one,
related to an arterial streets sample and
their sociological consequences to the
assessment to streets commercial and
non-commercial land uses. The final results
present the contribution of space to
vehicular movement (the grid form), as a part of
Fortaleza city urban evolution and vehicular congestion.
The research defined three
levels of accessibility analysis: ‘macro’, ‘meso’ and ‘microscope’,
together with two
aspects of functional approaches. The
results also confirm the sociospatial segregation
the city has gone through and suggest new
urban systemic approaches concerned to
urbanism and transportation
academics.
==//==
RELATED
INFORMATION
SOURCE / LINK: http://tribunadoceara.uol.com.br/noticias/mobilidadeurbana/confira-onde-existem-ciclovias-e-ciclofaixas-em-fortaleza/
By Rosana Romao on Urban Mobility
August 26, 2015
• 623 likes
• 0Tweets
• plus
• opinions
Check where there are bike paths and lanes in Fortaleza
Currently, Fortaleza has 127.5 km of cycling network, being divided into 32 bike paths and lanes 29
In the last three years, cycling mesh Fortaleza increased by 54.5 kilometers (PHOTO: Release / Ciclovida)
Due to the growth of large cities, new modes of transport need to be restructured to give fluidity to traffic. In Fortaleza, this was demonstrated when the population pressure on the city government and expressed support for implementation of dedicated lanes for bicycle traffic. Although there are people opposed to the initiative, Ceara Tribune proved the usefulness of the lanes.
Seeking alternatives to minimize the effects of the chaotic traffic, the municipal administration decided to invest in transportation. At the beginning of the current administration of Mayor Roberto Cláudio, Fortaleza had 73 km of cycling infrastructure. With the opening of bike lane that connects the Montese to Benfica, Fortaleza now has 127.5 km, and 78.8 km of bike trails and 48.7 kilometers of lanes.
The cycling network in the current management has already registered an increase of 54.5 kilometers. Through the Expansion Program of cycling mesh, in line with the Director Integrated bicycle plan (PDCI), the city will have 216 km of cycling infrastructure expanded until August 2016. Check out the pathways that already have bike lane and bike paths in Fortaleza:
Read All About
• bike lane
• bike path
Give your opinion
Related News
• Check out the pathways that have and those that receive lanes in Fortaleza
12
reasons to start using a bicycle for transportation
Economic
instability and ever-increasing climate change are just two of the many reasons
riding a bike is an excellent alternative to driving.
March 18, 2010, 10:20 a.m.
7.5K
0
112
72
Photo: Lighter Footstep
We're continuing our look
at smart ways to start saddling up and using bicycles for real transportation.
We've always taken the
greenness of bike transport as a given. But if you're just getting started — or
perhaps trying to convince an employer that bicycle commuting is a good thing —
we've rounded up a dozen reasons to leave that car in the driveway and start
covering pavement on two wheels. Let's ride!
1) It's easier to finance a
new bicycle than a new car. Thanks to the recession,
auto loans are hard to find these days — even if you have good credit. But for
the price of a single car payment, you can buy a well-made bicycle that should
outlast most cars. Add a few hundred dollars more for rain gear, lights and
accessories, and you have all-weather, anytime transportation.
2) A bicycle has a tiny
manufacturing footprint when compared to a car. All
manufactured goods have environmental impact, but bicycles can be produced for
a fraction of the materials, energy and shipping costs of a car.
3) Bicycles produce no
meaningful pollution when in operation. Bikes
don't have tailpipes belching poisonous fumes into the atmosphere. They also
eliminate the oil, fuel and hydraulic fluids dripped by automobiles onto the
road surface — which means less toxic runoff into local waterways.
4) Bikes save taxpayers
money by reducing road wear. A 20-pound bicycle is a
lot less rough on the pavement than a two-ton sedan. Every bicycle on the road
amounts to money saved patching potholes and resurfacing city streets.
5) Bicycles are an
effective alternative to a second car. Perhaps
you're not in a position to adopt a bicycle as primary transportation. But
bikes make great second vehicles. You can literally save thousands of dollars a
year using a bicycle for workday commuting and weekend errands in households
which might otherwise be forced to maintain two cars.
6) Using a bike for
transportation can help you lose weight and improve your overall health. The health benefits of regular aerobic exercise are well-known. Depending
on your riding style and local road conditions, you could easily burn 600
calories an hour through brisk cycling. Most bike commuters report losing 15 to
20 pounds during their first year in the saddle without changing their eating
habits.
7) You can store a dozen
bicycles in a single automobile-sized parking place. Parking lots have enormous environmental and financial impact,
particularly in urbanized areas. The more bikes you can get on the road, the
fewer parking spaces you need to build.
8) Bicycles don't burn
gasoline. Fuel is cheap compared to last year, and the economic downturn is
likely to keep a lid on petroleum demand for a while. But we're not producing
any more oil today than we were when it was more than $100 a barrel. A healthy
bike culture will help ease pressure on supply once demand returns.
9) Bicycling may be faster
and more efficient than taking a car. We're
not talking about the crazy — and illegal — antics of New York bicycle
messengers. But bikes are often faster than cars in urban areas, especially
when city designers have set aside proper bike lanes. There's nothing more
satisfying as a bicycle commuter than breezing past a long line of gridlocked
traffic.
10) Bikes cost much less to
maintain and operate than automobiles. You'll
never throw a rod on a bicycle, and dropping a transmission on a bike usually
means replacing a bent derailleur hanger or worn-out chain. Bicycles do require
service, but you can learn to perform most of it yourself. Even if you have a
shop do things for you, costs will be trivial compared to a car.
11) Bicycles provide
mobility for those who may not qualify or afford to drive. Not everyone can get a driver's license (or wants one), and the cost of
purchasing, insuring and maintaining a car is out of reach for a lot of people.
Almost everyone can afford some sort of bike. Other than walking, bicycles are
the most cost-effective transportation on the planet.
12) Studies show that
bicycle commuters are healthier, more productive, and require less time off at
work. This is why most enlightened employers are eager to accommodate
commuting cyclists. Healthy workers are better workers — and that's good for
the bottom line. Bikes are smart business.
So there are 12 reasons to
dust-off that bicycle in your garage in time for Bike to Work Day (the third
Friday in May). Can you think of others? Leave a comment below.
Copyright Lighter Footstep
2009
==//==
SOURCE/LINK:
http://vadebike.org/2006/06/por-que-ir-de-biciclet
12 bons motivos para ir de bicicleta Willian Cruz | Última atualização em 29 de
julho de 2015
Ciclista na ciclovia da R. 1º de janeiro, na Vila Mariana, em São
Paulo. Foto: Willian Cruz
Mesmo com cada vez mais bicicletas nas ruas, muita gente
ainda estranha quem deixa o carro de lado para usar a magrela. Entenda por
que cada vez mais gente opta pela bicicleta como meio de transporte, ainda
que eventualmente.
|
SEE ALSO ABOUT THE CITY AND SOME CULTURAL
CURIOSITIES
SOURCE/LINK:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortaleza
Fortaleza
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Hortaleza.
For other uses, see Fortaleza (disambiguation).
| Fortaleza | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Municipality | |||
| The Municipality of Fortaleza | |||
Top: Panorama view of downtown Aratanha and Maranguape area, 2nd
left:Dragão do Mar Center of Art and Culture, 2nd right:Theater of Jose
Alencar (Teatro José de Alencar), 3rd left:Ingleses Bridge in
Iracema Beach, 3rd right:Fortaleza Metropolitan Cathedral, Bottom
left:Meireles Beach, Bottom right:A monument of the Gurdian of Iracema
in Iracema beach
|
|||
|
|||
|
Nickname(s): Fortal Miami Brasileira (Brazilian Miami) Terra da Luz (Land of Light) |
|||
| Motto: "Fortitudine" | |||
 |
|||
Fortaleza
|
|||
| Coordinates: 3°43′6″S 38°32′34″WCoordinates: 3°43′6″S 38°32′34″W | |||
| Country |  Brazil |
||
| Region | Northeast | ||
| State |  Ceará |
||
| Founded | April 13, 1726 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Roberto Cláudio (PDT) | ||
| Area | |||
| • Municipality | 313.8 km2 (121.2 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 21 m (69 ft) | ||
| Population (2014) | |||
| • Municipality | 2,571,896 | ||
| • Rank | 5th | ||
| • Density | 8,166.56/km2 (21,151.3/sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 3,602,319 | ||
| Time zone | BST (UTC-3) | ||
| Postal Code | 60000-000 | ||
| Area code(s) | +55 85 | ||
| Website | Fortaleza, Ceará | ||
To the north of the city lies the Atlantic Ocean; to the south are the municipalities of Pacatuba, Eusébio, Maracanaú and Itaitinga; to the east is the municipality of Aquiraz and the Atlantic Ocean; and to the west is the municipality of Caucaia. Residents of the city are known as Fortalezenses. Fortaleza is one of the three leading cities in the Northeast region together with Recife and Salvador.[2][3]
The city was one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, Fortaleza was one of the host cities of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.
Contents
History
Plan of Fort Schoonenborch in 1649.
Fortaleza in 1910.
Passeio Público in 1919.
See also: Timeline of Fortaleza and History of Brazil
Fortaleza's history began on February 2, 1500, when Spaniard Vicente Pinzón landed in Mucuripe's cove and named the new land Santa Maria de la Consolación. Because of the Treaty of Tordesillas, the discovery was never officially sanctioned. Colonisation began in 1603, when the Portuguese Pero Coelho de Souza constructed the Fort of São Tiago and founded the settlement of Nova Lisboa (New Lisbon).[4]
After a victory over the French in 1612, Martins Soares Moreno expanded
the Fort of São Tiago and changed its name to Forte de São Sebastião.[5]In 1630 the Dutch invaded the Brazilian Northeast and in 1637 they took the Fort of São Sebastião and ruled over Ceará. In battles with the Portuguese and natives in 1644 the fort was destroyed.[5] Under captain Matthias Beck the Dutch West Indies Company built a new fortress by the banks of river Pajeú. Fort Schoonenborch ("graceful stronghold") officially opened on August 19, 1649. After the capitulation of Pernambuco in 1654, the Dutch handed over this fortress to the Portuguese, who renamed it Fortaleza da Nossa Senhora de Assunção ("Fort of Our Lady of the Assumption"), after which the city of Fortaleza takes its name.[6]
Fortaleza was officially founded as a village 1726, becoming the capital of Ceará state in 1799.[7]
During the 19th century, Fortaleza was consolidated as an urban centre in Ceará, supported by the cotton industry. In 1824, the city was targeted by the revolutionaries of Confederation of the Equator. Between the years 1846 and 1877, the city went through a period of enrichment, economic and infrastructural improvement. This included the export of cotton and the development of diverse workmanships, such as the creation of the 2 secondary schools, the Ceará and Mucuripe Lighthouse in 1845, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Fortaleza in 1861, Prainha Seminary in 1864, Public Library in 1867 and the Public transportation network in 1870, which began with the construction of Railroad of Baturité.[8]
Ferreira Square in 1920.
During the years 1964–1985 several changes took place in Fortaleza which made the city a central region for industries. Governor Virgílio Távora (1963–1966) initiated the Industrial District of Fortaleza (DIF I). A decade later, the city had about a million inhabitants. Metropolitan areas were created in Brazil in 1973, Fortaleza being one of them.[citation needed]
View of Leoes Palace in 1936
During the political awakening that followed the military regime, the people elected the city's first woman mayor, Maria Luíza Fontenele of the Brazilian Workers' Party, which meant that the city administration was controlled by a party of the centre-left. At the end of the twentieth century, the administration of the city hall and the city underwent a range of structural changes with the opening of several avenues, hospitals, cultural spaces and it became one of the main tourist destinations in the Northeast and in Brazil.[12]
Geography
Aerial view of Iracema Beach.
Climate
Fortaleza has a typical tropical climate, specifically a tropical wet and dry climate, with high temperatures and high relative humidity throughout the year. However, these conditions are usually relieved by pleasant winds blowing from the ocean. Average temperatures are not much different throughout the year. December is the warmest month, with a high of 30.7 °C (87.3 °F)[13] and low of 24.6 °C (76.3 °F).[14] The rainy season spans from February to May, with rainfall particularly prodigious in March and April.[15] The average annual temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F).[16] The relative humidity in Fortaleza is 79%,[17] with average annual rainfall of 1,608.4 millimetres (63.32 in).[15]Fortaleza weather is unique in that there is usually rain during the first seven months of the year from January to July. During this period, relative humidity is high. Fortaleza's climate is usually very dry from August to December, with very little rainfall.[15][17]
| [hide]Climate data for Fortaleza (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.7 (99.9) |
33.3 (91.9) |
32.8 (91) |
32.6 (90.7) |
32.8 (91) |
31.8 (89.2) |
33 (91) |
34.4 (93.9) |
32.7 (90.9) |
33.4 (92.1) |
33 (91) |
33.2 (91.8) |
37.7 (99.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30.5 (86.9) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
29.7 (85.5) |
29.9 (85.8) |
29.6 (85.3) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.9 (85.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.5 (86.9) |
30.7 (87.3) |
30.7 (87.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.1 (80.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26 (79) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.2 (81) |
27.3 (81.1) |
26.6 (79.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 24.4 (75.9) |
24 (75) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.3 (73.9) |
22.8 (73) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.7 (72.9) |
23.4 (74.1) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.6 (76.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 20 (68) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.2 (68.4) |
20 (68) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.3 (68.5) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
20.5 (68.9) |
21 (70) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21 (70) |
19.4 (66.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 119.1 (4.689) |
204.6 (8.055) |
323.1 (12.72) |
356.1 (14.02) |
255.6 (10.063) |
141.8 (5.583) |
94.7 (3.728) |
21.8 (0.858) |
22.7 (0.894) |
13 (0.51) |
11.8 (0.465) |
44.1 (1.736) |
1,608.4 (63.323) |
| Average rainy days (≥ ≥ 1 mm) | 11 | 15 | 22 | 21 | 19 | 14 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 132 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78.1 | 81.4 | 84.7 | 85.2 | 83.6 | 81 | 78.8 | 75.3 | 74.4 | 74 | 73.7 | 75.9 | 78.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 225.2 | 182.3 | 150 | 157.1 | 208.4 | 238.7 | 268.3 | 295.9 | 281.6 | 291.4 | 282.2 | 262.3 | 2,843.4 |
| Source: Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET).[16][13][14][15][18][19][17][20][21] | |||||||||||||
Vegetation
In Fortaleza there are some remaining areas of mangrove, in preserved areas.[22][23] Some species of fruit trees are also found in many areas of Fortaleza, including coconut and mango trees.[citation needed]Demographics
View of Fortaleza's coast.
Metropolitan Cathedral of Fortaleza.
In 2010, the city of Fortaleza was the 5th most populous city proper in Brazil, after São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, and Brasília.[26]
In 2010, the city had 433,942 opposite-sex couples and 1,559 same-sex couples. The population of Fortaleza was 53.2% female and 46.8% male.[25]
The following cities are included in the metropolitan area of Fortaleza (ordered by population): Fortaleza, Caucaia, Maracanaú, Maranguape, Aquiraz, Pacatuba, Pacajus, Horizonte, São Gonçalo do Amarante, Itatinga, Guaiúba and Chorozinho.[27]
According to a genetic from 2011, 'pardos' and whites' from Fortaleza, which comprise the largest share of the population, showed up a degree of European ancestry of about 70%, being the rest basically divided between Native American and African ancestries.[28] A 2015 study, however, found out the following composition in Fortaleza: 48,9% of European contribution, 35,4% of Native American input and 15,7% of African ancestry.[29]
Religion
The prevailing religion of Fortaleza is Roman Catholicism, due to the influence of Portuguese settlers and missionaries during the colonial rule of Brazil.| Religion | Percentage | Number |
|---|---|---|
| Catholic | 79.0% | 1,691,487 |
| Protestant | 12.58% | 269,469 |
| No religion | 5.99% | 128,190 |
| Kardecist | 0.83% | 17,780 |
| Jehovah's Witnesses | 0.64% | 13,758 |
| Other religions | 0.7% | 15,923 |
Economy
See also: Economy of Brazil
Shopping mall in Fortaleza.
The manufacturing industry produces footwear, textiles, leather-derived items, and processed food and beverages. Presently, Fortaleza offers a wide variety of event spaces, allowing different kinds of events to be promoted, ranging from small business meetings to national and international conventions and fairs that receive thousands of people. The biggest and best-equipped event venue available in the Northeast of Brazil is the Event Center of Ceará (CEC) in Fortaleza, opened in 2012. Additionally, many hotels, business centres and other venues also offer adequate spaces for different types of gatherings. Now-defunct TAF Airlines used to have its headquarters in Fortaleza.[32]
Ponte dos Ingleses.
Education
See also: Education in Brazil
Higher education in Fortaleza is provided by a significant number of
public and private institutions. Fortaleza is home to some of the most
important universities and research centres including:[citation needed]- Federal University of Ceará (UFC), (public, federal, free of charge);
- State University of Ceará (UECE), (public, state-owned, free of charge);
Culture
José de Alencar Theater in Fortaleza.
João Felipe Railway Station in Fortaleza.
Ancuri Music School in Fortaleza.
- Quadrilhas juninas: hundreds of large groups of traditional folk dances organised to make presentations, usually to the sound of forró, during the festas juninas, in the month of June (and also July).
- Bumba-meu-boi or Boi-Ceará: songs and dances inspired by legends about a mythical ox, with Portuguese roots.
- Torém: dance originated from the Tremembé natives.
- Violeiros, cantadores and emboladores: musical manifestations expressing social criticism, with typical Northeastern origins.
- Maracatu: Dance and music, the Fortaleza maracatu belongs to the Baque Virado or Nação styles and is celebrated during carnivals.
- Dança do coco: originated by Afro-Brazilians. On the coast it is for men only, while in the hinterland it is danced in pairs.
Carnival
Bloco Unidos da cachorra at a Fortaleza's Pré-carnaval street fest.
Straw sheds at Praia do Futuro Beach.
Main article: Brazilian Carnival
Fortaleza Carnival
season is not as famous as that in other northeastern cities like
Salvador or Recife, as the local population prefer to spend the holiday
at others beach cities of Ceará. Through the streets of Fortaleza, the
Carnival brings the samba
together with festivities as a celebration of Fortaleza's past and
diverse culture. It is particularly notable for its unique style of
maracatu known as maracatu cearense.[35]
More famous and popular, though, are the street fests called
"Pré-Carnaval" that happen around the city on the weekends before the
Carnival.Landmarks
View of Fortaleza's Mucuripe lighthouse.
- Theatro José de Alencar;
- Farol do Mucuripe;
- Fortaleza's Cathedral;
- Estátua de Iracema;
- Forte Nan de Praire Statue;
- Forte de Nossa Senhora da Assunção;
- Palácio da Luz;
- Castelão football stadium
Cuisine
Brazilian cuisine includes feijoada, churrasco (barbecue), rice and beans. There are some dishes which are typical of the Northeast of Brazil, such as macaxeira (cassava), tapioca, carne de sol, but the most typical food of Ceará is baião-de-dois (a kind of risotto with beans, and cheese).Tourism
Aerial view of the city.
See also: Tourism in Brazil
Historic Centre of Fortaleza.
Boats and skyscrapers.
Urban beaches
"Praia do Futuro" redirects here. For the Brazilian film, see Praia do Futuro (film).
Fortaleza has about 25 kilometres (16 mi) of urban beaches. From North to South, the urban beaches of Fortaleza are Iracema, Meireles, Mucuripe and Praia do Futuro. Each beach has its own peculiarities:- Iracema is the Bohemian beach, with bars and nightclubs;[36]
- Mucuripe is the place where jangadas can be found. Still used by fishermen to go into high seas, jangadas can be seen along the way during the afternoon and evenings, and returning from the sea in the morning; part of the catch of the day is sold in an old style fish market.[37]
Parks
Cocó Park.
Transport
International Airport
The passenger terminal at Pinto Martins – Fortaleza International Airport is totally air-conditioned and has four levels. There are direct flights to Lisbon, Milan, Frankfurt and Amsterdam. All major destinations in Brazil are also connected to Fortaleza.Roads
The system of traffic monitoring is known by the acronym CTAFOR,[38] which stands for "Controle de Tráfego em Área de Fortaleza" (Traffic Control of the Area of Fortaleza).Subway
Fortaleza Subway on the South Line.
Bus stations
Engenheiro João Tomé Bus station is the Fortaleza Bus terminal official name. Was Contstructed in 1973. A daily average of over 8,000 passengers. 35 Bus companies and close to 200 bus lines. The bus station is centrally located within the city limits. Only 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the city centre and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Praia de Iracema Beach. Fortaleza bus station is accessible by at least 2 city bus lines: Av. Borges de Melo I and Av. Borges de Melo II. Fortaleza has multiple Bus Rapid Transit, or BRT, lines throughout the city and has plans to extend this network of transportation (BRTBrasil.org) [40]
Mucuripe Port.
Ports
Fortaleza Harbour is an artificial port located in the Mucuripe inlet. The quay is 1,054 metres (3,458 ft) long. It contains an exclusive mooring platform for oil tankers. Its warehouse area is 6,000 square metres (65,000 sq ft) in area and offers more than 100,000 square metres (1,100,000 sq ft) for container placing. It also contains two wheat mills and is interconnected to the railway system by an extensive maneuver area.Bike lanes
Fortaleza officially has 116.4 kilometres (72.3 mi) of bike lanes.[41]Sports
Castelão Arena.
See also: Sports in Brazil and 2014 FIFA World Cup
The most popular sport in Fortaleza, like the rest of Brazil, is football
(soccer). The main games of the Ceará State Championship are played in
Fortaleza. There are several association football clubs in the city. The
most important ones are Ceará SC, Fortaleza EC and Ferroviário AC. The city is host to the Free Kick Masters Tournament on December 28, 2013 and also one of the host cities of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and 2014 FIFA World Cup, for which Brazil was the host nation.
Kitesurf in Futuro Beach.
Additionally, Fortaleza is a natural developer of high-level athletes in combat sports, as evidenced by several Fortalezans' recent success in mixed martial arts.[42]
Internal view of Arena Castelão.
Notable people
Statue of Rachel de Queiroz in Fortaleza.
- José de Alencar, famous Brazilian writer from the 19th century
- Alberto Nepomuceno, famous Brazilian composer from the 19th century
- Rachel de Queiroz, first female writer in Academia Brasileira de Letras
- André Diamant, international chess grandmaster
- Casimiro Montenegro Filho, founder of ITA
- Maurício Peixoto, mathematician, one of the founders of IMPA
- Gilberto Câmara, former director of Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE)
- Hélder Câmara, Roman Catholic Archbishop nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize
- Castelo Branco, former president of Brazil (1964–67)
- Karim Aïnouz, film director
- Ed Lincoln, musician and composer
- Shelda Bede, beach volleyball player and olympic medalist
- Raffael Araújo, professional footballer
- Ronny Araújo, professional footballer
- Mário Jardel, retired professional footballer
- Marcus Aurélio, mixed martial arts professional
- Wilson Gouveia, mixed martial arts professional
- Thiago Alves, mixed martial arts professional
- Hermes França, mixed martial arts professional
- Jorge Gurgel, mixed martial arts professional
- Heloneida Studart, writer, politician, women's rights advocate
International relations
Twin towns – Sister cities
Central Bank of Brazil in Fortaleza.
| Country | City |
|---|---|
 Venezuela |
 Caracas[43] |
 United States |
 Miami Beach[44] |
 Italy |
 Montese[45] |
| Brazil |
 Natal[46] |
 Cape Verde |
Praia[47] |
| United States |
 Racine, Wisconsin[48] |
 Senegal |
Saint-Louis[49] |
View of Fortaleza
References
- "O 1º Intercâmbio Econômico e Cultural Afro-Brasileiro possibilita negócios entre Senegal e Ceará". APRECE. 2006. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
See also
External links
 |
Definitions from Wiktionary |
 |
Media from Commons |
 |
News stories from Wikinews |
 |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
 |
Source texts from Wikisource |
 |
Textbooks from Wikibooks |
 |
Travel guide from Wikivoyage |
 |
Learning resources from Wikiversity |
==//==
SOURCE/LINK: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maracatu
Maracatu
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maracatu dancers.
Contents
Maracatu de nação
Maracatu de nação (also known as maracatu de baque virado: "maracatu of the turned-around beat") is an Afro-Brazilian performance genre. The term, often shortened simply to nação ("nation", pl. nações), refers not only to the performance, but to the performing groups themselves.Maracatu de nação’s origins lie in the investiture ceremonies of the Reis do Congo (Kings of Congo), who were slaves that occupied leadership roles within the slave community. When slavery was abolished in Brazil in 1888, the institution of the Kings of Congo ceased to exist. Nonetheless, nações continued to choose symbolic leaders and evoke coronation ceremonies for those leaders. Although a maracatu performance is secular, traditional nações are grouped around Candomblé or Jurema (Afro-Brazilian religions) terreiros (bases) and the principles of Candomblé infuse their activities.
Traditional nações perform by parading with a drumming group of 80-100, a singer and chorus, and a coterie of dancers and stock characters including the king and queen. Dancers and stock characters dress and behave to imitate the Portuguese royal court of the Baroque period.
The performance also enacts pre-colonial African traditions, like parading the calunga, a doll representing tribal deities that is kept throughout the year in a special place in the Nação's headquarters. The calungas, usually female, are traditionally made of either wax and wood or of cloth. They may have clothing made for them in a similar Baroque style to the costumes worn by the other members of the royal court. The calunga is sacred and carrying this spiritual figurehead of the group is a great responsibility for the female Dama de Paço' (Lady-in-Waiting) of the cortège.
The musical ensemble consists of alfaia (a large wooden rope-tuned drum), gonguê (a metal cowbell), tarol (a shallow snare drum), caixa-de-guerra, (or "war-snare"), agbê (a gourd shaker enveloped in beads), and mineiro (a metal cylindrical shaker filled with metal shot or small dried seeds). Song form is call and response between a solo singer and (usually) a female chorus.
Today there are around 20 nações operating in the cities of Recife and Olinda. Although several have an unbroken line of activity going back to the 19th century, most have been set up in recent decades. Well-known nações include Estrela Brilhante, Leão Coroado, and Porto Rico. Each year they perform during the Carnival period in Recife and Olinda. Maracatu Nação Pernambuco, while not a traditional maracatu, was primarily responsible for introducing the genre to overseas audiences in the 1990s.
The genre has inspired the establishment of performing groups in a number of cities outside Brazil, including Toronto, Quebec City, New York, Washington DC, Cologne, Berlin, Hamburg, Vienna, Lyon, Stockholm, London, Edinburgh, Auckland, Brighton, Madison, Oakland, San Diego, Manchester, Bristol, Oxford, Melbourne and Brisbane.
Maracatu rural
Maracatu minidancers in Pernambuco.
A Maracatu Rural performer.
Maracatu cearense
Cross-gendered maracatu cearense blackface queen. Pre-Carnival show in Caucaia, Ceará, February 2009.
In 2009, ten maracatu cearense nations paraded in the Fortaleza's municipal Carnival competition. The oldest nation, Az de Ouro (Golden Ace), founded in 1936, is still in operation. Other nations include Vozes d'África (Voices of Africa), Nação Fortaleza, Rei de Paus (winner of the 2009 Carnival parade), Nação Iracema, and Nação Solar (Solar Nation).
The use of blackface in maracatu cearense reportedly stems from Fortaleza's mostly white and caboclo demographic, and its small black population (4.4%) (IGBE 2008), which effects a situation where mostly white and brown bodies end up performing a traditionally black expression of Brazilian Carnival. Blackface in this context is intended to pay homage to the African slaves' contribution to Brazilian civilization and is not viewed as a racist expression (compared, for instance, to the blackface minstrelsy of the United States, which parodied black speech and character). In fact, some maracatu cearense nations are actively involved in racial equality and black consciousness initiatives in Ceará. Among these is Nação Iracema, founded in 2002 by Lúcia Simão and William Augusto Pereira, heads of the first black family in Fortaleza to direct a maracatu nation (current as of 2009). Lúcia Simão also founded Ceará's first black consciousness movement in the early 1980s.[2] This consciousness of racial equality operates through maracatu cearense performance in part as the continuation of Ceará's historical identity as the first region in Brazil to abolish slavery, in May 1884 (the rest of the nation followed suit in 1888).
Contrary to the claims of most maracatu cearense participants, at least one Brazilian scholar sees the development of the tradition in Fortaleza to be intimately tied to a subtle racist discourse in Ceará that has mythologized itself as a non-black region of Brazil (thus, the justification for blackface), perpetuating Brazil's long-standing racist ideology of skin whitening.[3]
Further reading
- Conner, Ronald. 2009. "Brazilian Blackface: Maracatu Cearense and the Politics of Participation." Master's thesis, University of California, Riverside.
- da Silva, Ana Cláudia Rodrigues. 2004. "Vamos maracatucá!!! Um estudo sobre os maracatus cearenses. Master's thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.
- Crook, Larry. Brazilian Music: Northeastern Traditions and the Heartbeat of a Modern Nation. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2005. ISBN 1-57607-287-8 (hardcover); ISBN 1-85109-591-8 (ebook).
Notes
- da Silva, Ana Cláudia Rodrigues. 2004. "Vamos maracatucá!!! Um estudo sobre os maracatus cearenses. Master's thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.
External links
==//==
SOURCE/LINK: http://www.nacaofortaleza.com/
Nação Fortaleza
Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.
Nação Fortaleza é um bloco carnavalesco do estado brasileiro do Ceará. Foi fundado em 25 de março de 2004, como forma de marcar o Dia do Maracatu e as comemorações dos 120 anos da abolição da escravatura no Ceará.
O Maracatu Nação Fortaleza tem como objetivo inserir crianças e
adolescentes na cultura de maracatus, e assim trazer a participação
efetiva de novas gerações dando continuidade ao trabalho dos antigos
mestres.
O Maracatu Nação Fortaleza iniciou suas atividades com um trabalho voltado para estabelecer critérios de qualidade e pesquisa na elaboração do vestuário e dos adereços de seus componentes, ensejando a investigação histórica e o caráter inovador de seus timbres e ritmos, tendo como prioridade a participação dos brincantes em todos os setores do folguedo, com a realização de oficinas contemplando diversas formas de habilidades e o manuseio de materiais na confecção de roupas e elementos para as apresentações do grupo.
Idealizador do Maracatu Nação Fortaleza, Calé Alencar é autor de loas apresentadas pelos maracatus Az de Ouro, Nação Baobab e Vozes da África no desfile carnavalesco em Fortaleza. Seu mais recente trabalho, o disco Loas de Maracatu Cantigas de Liberdade, foi lançado em julho de 2005, em show realizado no Anfiteatro do Parque do Cocó. O disco comemora dez anos de atividades do artista no carnaval de rua, reunindo 16 loas interpretadas com seu vigor característico, configurando um trabalho autoral de acentuada qualidade e talento refinado.
Adotando como padrão as cores vermelho, amarelo, azul e branco, o Maracatu Nação Fortaleza incorpora, pela primeira vez na história, o nome da capital cearense a um grupo participante do desfile oficial do carnaval de rua.
Pretendendo imprimir uma marca original nas manifestações culturais de rua, o Maracatu Nação Fortaleza, além de sua participação efetiva no desfile tradicional do período carnavalesco, tem realizado apresentações na programação de eventos artísticos e culturais da cidade, criando oportunidade para a mostra do talento de crianças e jovens, aliados à experiência do grupo de brincantes adultos e exibindo seu cortejo em escolas, congressos, teatros, ruas, praças e centros culturais, contribuindo para a ampla divulgação do maracatu, evidenciando uma base com percussão e ritmo que preservam e ao mesmo tempo ampliam o batuque tradicional das manifestações afro-descendentes de Fortaleza, acrescentando movimentos de expressão corporal, trabalhando matizes fortes para apresentação dos figurinos e inovando nos desenhos musicais dos tambores, de forma a apresentar um toque vigoroso e inovador além de contar com a participação de pais, mães, filhos e filhas de santo e adeptos das religiões afro-descendentes da capital cearense.
O Maracatu Nação Fortaleza iniciou suas atividades com um trabalho voltado para estabelecer critérios de qualidade e pesquisa na elaboração do vestuário e dos adereços de seus componentes, ensejando a investigação histórica e o caráter inovador de seus timbres e ritmos, tendo como prioridade a participação dos brincantes em todos os setores do folguedo, com a realização de oficinas contemplando diversas formas de habilidades e o manuseio de materiais na confecção de roupas e elementos para as apresentações do grupo.
Idealizador do Maracatu Nação Fortaleza, Calé Alencar é autor de loas apresentadas pelos maracatus Az de Ouro, Nação Baobab e Vozes da África no desfile carnavalesco em Fortaleza. Seu mais recente trabalho, o disco Loas de Maracatu Cantigas de Liberdade, foi lançado em julho de 2005, em show realizado no Anfiteatro do Parque do Cocó. O disco comemora dez anos de atividades do artista no carnaval de rua, reunindo 16 loas interpretadas com seu vigor característico, configurando um trabalho autoral de acentuada qualidade e talento refinado.
Adotando como padrão as cores vermelho, amarelo, azul e branco, o Maracatu Nação Fortaleza incorpora, pela primeira vez na história, o nome da capital cearense a um grupo participante do desfile oficial do carnaval de rua.
Pretendendo imprimir uma marca original nas manifestações culturais de rua, o Maracatu Nação Fortaleza, além de sua participação efetiva no desfile tradicional do período carnavalesco, tem realizado apresentações na programação de eventos artísticos e culturais da cidade, criando oportunidade para a mostra do talento de crianças e jovens, aliados à experiência do grupo de brincantes adultos e exibindo seu cortejo em escolas, congressos, teatros, ruas, praças e centros culturais, contribuindo para a ampla divulgação do maracatu, evidenciando uma base com percussão e ritmo que preservam e ao mesmo tempo ampliam o batuque tradicional das manifestações afro-descendentes de Fortaleza, acrescentando movimentos de expressão corporal, trabalhando matizes fortes para apresentação dos figurinos e inovando nos desenhos musicais dos tambores, de forma a apresentar um toque vigoroso e inovador além de contar com a participação de pais, mães, filhos e filhas de santo e adeptos das religiões afro-descendentes da capital cearense.
